Poisson’s Ratio (µ):
If a body is subjected to a load, its length
changes; ratio of this change in length to the original length is known as
linear or primary strain. Due to this load, the dimensions of the body change;
in all directions at right angles to its line of application the strains thus
produced are called lateral or secondary or transverse strains and are of
nature opposite to that of primary strains.
For example, if the load is
tensile, there will be an increase in length and a corresponding decrease in
cross-sectional area of the body (Figure). In this case, linear or primary
strain will be tensile and secondary or lateral or transverse strain compressive.
Poisson’s ratio is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain. It is denoted by
‘µ’ ( l/m).
It is an elastic constant having the value always less than 1.
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