Basics of Mechanical Engineering

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What are the difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine?

Basic Difference of Impulse & Reaction turbine:

Impulse turbine
Reaction Turbine
(i) The entire available energy of the water is first converted into the kinetic energy.
(i) The available energy of the water is not converted from one form to another form.
(ii) The water flows through the nozzles and impings on the buckets, which are fixed to the outer periphery of the wheel.
(ii) The water is guided by the glide blades to flow over the moving vane.
(iii) The water impings on the buckets with Kinetic Energy.
(iii) The water glides over the moving vanes with Potential Energy.
(iv) The pressure of the flowing water remains unchanged and it is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
(iv) The pressure of the flowing water is reduced after gliding over the vane.
(v) It is not necessary that the wheel should run full.
(v) It is necessary that the wheel should be always run full and kept full of water.
(vi) It is possible to regulate the flow without any loss.
(vi) It is not possible to regulate the flow without any loss.
(vii) Impulse turbine has more hydraulic efficiency than reaction turbine.
(vii) Reaction Turbine has relatively less efficiency than impulse turbine.
(viii) Impulse Turbine operates at very high water heads.
(viii) Reaction turbine operates at  relatively low and medium heads.
(ix) Example of Impulse turbine is Pelton wheel.
(ix) Examples of Reaction Turbine are Francis turbine, Kaplan and Propeller Turbine, Deriaz Turbine, Tubuler Turbine, etc.

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